FILSAFAT HUKUM (Teori, Aliran, dan Problematika Kontemporer)
Keywords:
Filsafat Hukum (Legal Philosophy), Aliran Pemikiran Hukum (Legal Theory), Keadilan (Justice), Positivisme Hukum (Legal Positivism), Hukum Alam (Natural Law), Disrupsi Teknologi (Technological Disruption), Keadilan Restoratif (Restorative Justice), Hak Asasi Manusia (Human Rights)Synopsis
Hukum bukan sekadar kumpulan aturan yang wajib dipatuhi, ia adalah cerminan nilai, filosofi, dan cita-cita keadilan dari sebuah peradaban. Buku ini hadir untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut dengan mengajak pembaca menyelami lapisan terdalam ilmu hukum, melampaui teks perundang-undangan menuju fondasi filosofis yang menopangnya. Diawali dengan pengantar ruang lingkup filsafat hukum, buku ini membangun kerangka berpikir yang kokoh melalui tiga pilar utama: ontologi yang mempertanyakan hakikat dan keberadaan hukum, epistemologi yang menggali sumber dan kebenaran pengetahuan hukum, serta aksiologi yang menelaah tujuan dan nilai-nilai luhur yang hendak diwujudkan, yakni keadilan, kepastian, dan kemanfaatan.
Dari kerangka dasar tersebut, buku ini mengurai secara sistematis aliran-aliran besar dalam pemikiran hukum. Pembaca akan diajak menelusuri Hukum Alam yang berakar pada nilai universal dan martabat manusia, berdampingan dengan Positivisme Hukum yang tegas memisahkan hukum dari moralitas dan membangun sistem norma yang hierarkis. Tak ketinggalan, Utilitarianisme yang mengukur kebaikan hukum dari seberapa besar kemanfaatan yang diciptakannya bagi masyarakat, serta Mazhab Sejarah yang meyakini bahwa hukum tumbuh secara organik dari jiwa bangsa atau Volksgeist. Aliran-aliran seperti Sociological Jurisprudence yang mempertemukan hukum dengan realitas sosial, Realisme Hukum yang menggeser perhatian dari teks ke perilaku nyata hakim di ruang peradilan, hingga Critical Legal Studies yang membongkar mitos netralitas hukum dan menyoroti bagaimana hukum kerap menjadi instrumen dominasi kekuasaan, turut dibahas secara mendalam.
Buku ini mengangkat problematika hukum di era disrupsi teknologi. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan kritis seperti apakah kecerdasan buatan menjadi subjek hukum, siapa yang bertanggung jawab atas keputusan algoritma yang otonom, serta bagaimana hukum menjaga keadilan di ruang siber yang tanpa batas, semua dihadapkan pada filsafat hukum sebagai alat refleksi yang tidak pernah usang. Buku ini juga menekankan dimensi hak asasi manusia, termasuk ketegangan antara universalisme dan relativisme budaya dalam perlindungan HAM kontemporer, serta mengupas gagasan tentang keadilan restoratif yang mengedepankan pemulihan hubungan korban, pelaku, dan masyarakat.
Buku ini diakhiri dengan pembahasan proyeksi masa depan hukum yang humanis dan adaptif yang menegaskan bahwa filsafat hukum bukanlah ilmu yang berdiri di menara gading. Ia adalah penjaga gawang keadilan yang terus relevan di setiap zaman, memastikan bahwa hukum tidak hanya tajam secara teknis, tetapi juga matang secara filosofis dan kritis. Buku ini sangat sesuai bagi mahasiswa hukum, akademisi, dan praktisi yang ingin memiliki pemahaman hukum yang utuh, tidak hanya sebagai perangkat aturan, tetapi sebagai cermin peradaban manusia itu sendiri.
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April 29, 2026
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IRAMA, D., & Widina, A. (2026). FILSAFAT HUKUM (Teori, Aliran, dan Problematika Kontemporer). Widina Media Utama. https://doi.org/10.59818/3ybq8n75
